Infobox Writing system
name = Pitman shorthand
type = Borderline abugida-abjad
typedesc = shorthand
creator=Isaac Pitman
time = 1837–present
languages = English
children = Pitman's New Era
Pitman's 2000
sample = Pitman.png

It will now depend upon you on how you will right it for there are also other systems in which you can choose from and one of this is the Pitman Shorthand. In shorthand there is a unique way on how to write sentences, phrases and words that can be copied out through abbreviations that makes writing process simple the way you want it to be. Slightly but this does not clash with the third place vowel.

Pitman shorthand is a system of shorthand for the English language developed by Englishman Sir Isaac Pitman (1813–1897), who first presented it in 1837. [cite book|title=Pitman's Shorthand Instructor: A Complete Exposition of Sir Isaac Pitman's System of Shorthand|publisher=Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd|location=Melbourne, Victoria, Australia|edition=Second Australian|chapter=Preface|quote=This second Australian edition of the 'Instructor' commemorates the centenary of the system of shorthand invented by Sir Isaac Pitman, who, in 1837, published his first treatise on the art.] Like most systems of shorthand, it is a phonetic system; the symbols do not represent letters, but rather sounds, and words are, for the most part, written as they are spoken. [One major exception to this is the fact that 'r's are always transcribed, even when recording non-rhotic accents. One possible reason for this could be that in the early 19th century, British English had not yet started to drop its non-intervocalic 'r's.] As of|1996, Pitman shorthand was the most popular shorthand system used in the United Kingdom and the second most popular in the United States [Daniels, Peter T. 'Shorthand', in Daniels, Peter T. and Bright, William, 'The World's Writing Systems', Oxford University Press, New York, 1996, p. 811. ISBN 0-19-507993-0.] .

One characteristic feature of Pitman shorthand is that voiceless and voiced sounds (such as /p/ and /b/) are represented by strokes that differ only in thickness (the thick stroke representing the voiced consonant). [Doing this requires a writing instrument which is responsive to the user's drawing pressure: specialist fountain pens (with fine, flexible nibs) were originally used, but pencils are now more commonly used.]

Another distinguishing feature is that there is more than one way of indicating vowels. The main vowel of a word or phrase is indicated by the position of the stroke with respect to the rules of the notebook. (For example, a small circle drawn above the line translates to 'as/has' and the same circle drawn on the line translates to 'is/his'.) However, there is a more straightforward way of indicating vowels, which is to use dots or small dashes drawn close to the stroke of the preceding consonant. The type of vowel is dependent on the relative position of the dot or dash to the stroke (beginning, middle, or end).

There are at least three 'dialects' of Pitman's shorthand: the original Pitman's, Pitman's New Era, and Pitman's 2000. The later versions dropped certain symbols and introduced other simplifications to earlier versions. For example, strokes 'rer' (heavy curved downstroke) and 'kway', (hooked horizontal straight stroke) are present in Pitman's New Era, but not in Pitman's 2000.

History

Pitman was asked to create a shorthand system of his own in 1837. He had used Samuel Taylor's system for seven years, but his symbols bear greater similarity to the older Byrom system. The first phonetician to invent a system of shorthand, Pitman used similar-looking symbols for phonetically related sounds. He was the first to use thickness of a stroke to indicate voicing (voiced consonants such as 'b' and 'd' are written with heavier lines than unvoiced ones such as 'p' and 't'), and consonants with similar place of articulation were orientated in similar directions, with straight lines for plosives and arcs for fricatives. For example, the dental and alveolar consonants are upright: '|' [t] , '|' [d] , ) [s] , ')' [z] , '(' [θ] (as in 'thigh'), '(' [ð] (as in 'thy').

Pitman's brother Benn settled in Cincinnati, Ohio in the United States, and introduced Pitman's system there. He used it in the 1865–67 trial of the conspirators behind the assassination of Abraham Lincoln. In Australia the system was introduced by another Pitman brother, Jacob. Jacob Pitman is buried in Sydney's Rookwood Necropolis, in Australia. The epitaph is written phonetically. [ [http://www.newchurch.org.au/hurstville/Aug_2002_Newsletter.html#Rev%20Jacob%20Pitman%20Discovered The New Church Newsletter - Hurstville Society August 2002] ]

IN MUVING MEMERI OV JACOB PITMAN, BORN NOV. 28, 1810 TROWBRIDGE ENGLAND, SETELD IN ADELAIDE 1838 DEID 12TH MARCH 1890 ARKITEKT INTRODIUST FONETIK SHORTHAND AND WOZ THE FERST MINISTER IN THEEZ KOLONIZ OV THE DOKTRINZ OV THE SEKOND OR NIU KRISTIAN CHURCH WHICH AKNOLEJEZ THE LORD JESUS CHRIST IN HIZ DEVEIN HIUMANITI AZ THE KREATER OV THE YUNIVERS THE REDEEMER AND REJENERATER OV MEN GOD OVER AUL BLESED FOR EVER.

At one time, Pitman was the most commonly used shorthand system in the entire English-speaking world. [cite book
title=Pitman Shorthand
publisher=Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons (Canada), Ltd.
year=1937
location=Toronto] Part of its popularity was due to the fact that it was the first subject taught by correspondence course. Today in many regions (especially the U.S.), it has been superseded by Gregg shorthand, developed by John Robert Gregg.

Writing

Like Gregg shorthand, Pitman shorthand is completely phonetic; words are written exactly as they are pronounced. There are twenty-four consonants that can be represented in Pitman's shorthand, twelve vowels and four diphthongs. The consonants are indicated by strokes, the vowels by interposed dots.

Consonants

The consonants in Pitman's shorthand are: 'pee, bee, tee, dee, chay, jay, kay, gay, eff, vee, ith, thee, es, zee, ish, zhee, em, en, ing, el, ar, ray, way, yay,' and 'hay'. When both an unvoiced consonant and its corresponding voiced consonant are present in this system, the distinction is made by drawing the stroke for the voiced consonant 'thicker' than the one for the unvoiced consonant. (Thus, 's' is ')', whereas 'z' is ')'.) There are two strokes for /r/: 'ar' and 'ray'. The former assumes the form of the top right-hand quarter of a circle, whereas the latter is like 'chay' (/), only less steep. There are rules governing when to use each of these forms.

Vowels

The long vowels in Pitman's shorthand are: /aː/, /eː/, /iː/, /ɑː/, /oː/, /uː/ (pronounced [aː] , [eɪ] , [ij] , [ɑː] or [ɒː] , [əʊ] , and [uw] ). The short vowels are /æ/, /ɛ/, /ɪ/, /ɔ/, /ə/, /ʊ/ (pronounced as such). The long vowels may be remembered by the sentence, 'Pa, may weall go too?' /paː meː wiːɑːl goː tuː/ [pʰaː meɪ wijɑːl gəʊ tʰuw] , and the short vowels may be remembered by the sentence, 'That pen is not much good' /ðæt pɛn ɪz nɔt mətʃ gʊd/ [ðæt pʰɛn ɪz nɔt mətʃ gʊd]

A vowel is represented by a dot or a dash, which can be written either lightly or heavily depending on the vowel needed. As this only gives four symbols, they can be written in three different positions - either at the beginning, middle or end of a consonant stroke - to represent the 12 vowels.

The dots and dashes representing long vowels are darker than the ones representing short vowels. For example, 'say' is written as ')•', but 'seh' (if it did exist) would be written as ')·'; 'see' is written as ').', but 'sih' (if there were such a word) would be written as ').'.

Another featu

Pitman Shorthand Consonants And Vowels